Lingering concerns about the future of Federal Reserve interest-rate policies are for now the dominant source of concern on Wall Street. Indeed, given that the central bank raised interest rates on Wednesday, for a fourth time this year, and suggested strongly that another two hikes are likely in 2019, it is not surprising that stocks are again under pressure. Specifically, after the market abruptly reversed course Wednesday afternoon, going from a near-400-point advance in the 30-stock Dow Jones Industrial Average to a closing deficit of 352 points, stocks started the session yesterday strongly to the downside.

The Dow and the rest of the market then remained in negative territory for the balance of the morning and into the afternoon, with that index off by nearly 200 points as we passed the 90-minute mark of the trading day. The latest setback, on top of declines in the prior days this week, left the three major large-cap indexes, the Dow and the S&P 500 in the red for the year to date, while the NASDAQ and the small-cap Russell 2000 are now in a bear market, having succumbed to a cumulative peak-to-trough decline of more than 20%--the benchmark definition of a bear market.   

Meanwhile, the equity market would continue weakening into the lunch hour, with the Dow falling to a loss of more than 430 points, dragging that index back below 23,000. An attempt to rally then followed with nearly 200 points of that deficit being pared. Material losses were tallied across the board in the session to that point. Among individual casualties, we saw shares ConAgra (CAG) tumble after releasing better-than-expected quarterly net, but also weaker sales from continuing operations. That issue had fallen 17% by the mid-afternoon. Also hitting a new 52-week low were shares of International Business Machines (IBM  Free IBM Stock Report).   

Things worsened still further as the afternoon settled in, with the Dow tumbling to a session-worst loss of nearly 700 points after outgoing House Speaker, Paul Ryan said that the President indicated he would not sign the short-term funding deal worked out by Congress that was designed to avert a partial government shutdown. That's because the bill, as currently written, did not contain the necessary funds for a border wall. The funding bill is designed to keep the government fully open through February 8, 2019. The possibility of a partial shutdown, added to the Fed worries, have really put the bulls on edge.

Still, after plunging to those session lows, the market regained some stability, with the Dow trimming about half of its afternoon losses; the NASDAQ, too, recaptured some ground, but the comeback faded as we moved inside the final hour of trading. Then, after the Dow again had tumbled by more than 600 points, the market made a last-minute comeback that carried the averages off of their nadir. At the close, the Dow would be down 464 points; the S&P 500 would fall 40 points; and the NASDAQ would drop by 108 points. Oil, too, would tumble, losing about 4% on the day. 

Finally, on the economic front, in a news item that got little attention, the Conference Board reported that the Leading Economic Index increased by 0.2% in November, a flat reading had been the forecast. This is an important gauge of upcoming business activity and suggests that the economic expansion still has a ways to go, if at a likely more deliberate pace in 2019. But with all eyes on the Fed, trade, and the Washington political scene, with all of its contention, the Leading Indicators received scant attention yesterday.

Now, we face a new day, and after the fireworks of the past few sessions, we see that stocks were generally lower in Asia overnight; on the Continent, the principal bourses are now showing small early losses. Elsewhere, oil prices, off sharply yesterday, now are slightly lower and Treasury note yields, up marginally in the latest session, are flat so far this morning. Finally, the U.S. equity futures are mixed-to-weaker ahead of the opening; trading resumes shortly, in what again should be a volatile session. Stay tuned. 
 
- Harvey S. Katz, CFA
 
At the time of this article’s writing, the author did not have positions in any of the companies mentioned.